Fran’s husband Tom had a habit of throwing his dirty socks into the laundry basket , but frequently missing by a few inches. It really frustrated Fran when she had to pick up his socks and place them in the basket. After learning the techniques of behavior modification(矫正)， Fran decided to stop nagging(唠叨) her husband and try positive reinforcement(加强). When he missed the basket, she said nothing and quietly picked up his socks. However, one day when his socks actually landed in the target, she quickly reinforced the appropriate behavior by saying, “ I really like it when you put your socks right inside the basket.” She followed this statement with a hug. Within a week, Tom was hitting the target every time, or picking up the socks by hand and placing them inside the basket whenever he missed. Consequently, an argument was avoided.

There is an old saying that” you can catch more flies with honey than vinegar”, which is the principal behind behavior modification. Complaining to someone of doing something, whether it’s a partner or a child, often gets just the opposite response: resistance. But almost everyone respond to positive reinforcement and this approach to changing someone’s behavior takes a little patience and emotional control.

Experts of behavior modification believe habits are learned because of reinforcement from the environment. This theory states that people will always do the behavior that results in the most favorable outcome. Even if in the doing, there are some negative effects. For instance，Fran may have learned from her mother that it really didn’t matter whether her husband’s socks landed in the basket or not. It is because she’d come along and pick them up for him. That was the favorable outcome but, if he only got negative messages from Fran for the same behavior, he didn’t have much motivation to abandon it.

Of course for some people nothing will work, but it’s sure worth a try, for treating them with a hostile attitude probably won’t get you what you want , but it will get you a bad relationship with them.

Positive reinforcement can be used with anyone, for any behavior, because all of us resist criticism and respond to praise. So, the next time you want someone to meet your wishes, try a little applause for the desired behavior.

66. Why does the author present Tom and Fran’s story at the beginning of the passage?

A. To introduce the techniques of behavior modification.

B. To show Tom is one of those needing behavior modification.

C. To let the readers know this family.

D. To list ways to get rid of bad habits.

67. Which of the following best fits the principle behind behavior modification?

A. Taking no notice of one’s occasional good behavior.

B. Praising one for his or her good deeds.

C. Telling a child not to make the same mistakes again.

D. Leaving a child alone when he or she does something wrong.

68. Which statement about a habit may the author agree with?

A. Criticism contributes a lot to the formation of a bad habit.

B. Most of our habits are formed in childhood.

C. We can always get along with a person of good habits.

D. A habit is usually reinforced by favorable outcome.

69. What can we learn from Paragraph 4?

A. Positive reinforcement works on anyone.

B. Positive reinforcement should be applied to anyone.

C. By using positive reinforcement we don’t fail to get what we want

D. By using positive reinforcement we can improving our relationship with anyone else.

70. The purpose of the passage is to tell us_____.

A. how to bring out the best in others

B. the way to get along with others

C. what behavior modification is

D. the training of behavior modification

66.A 从第一段特别是After learning the techniques of behavior modification(矫正)， Fran decided to stop nagging(唠叨) her husband and try positive reinforcement(加强).可知作者是通过Tom和Frain 的例子来介绍 the techniques of behavior modification.

67.B 从第一段Frain及Tom的例子及第二段中的But almost everyone respond to positive reinforcement可知

68.D从文章第三段This theory states that people will always do the behavior that results in the most favorable outcome.可知

69.B 从 Of course for some people nothing will work, but it’s sure worth a try,可知

70.A文章通过Frain对丈夫Tom进行behavior modification而改掉丈夫的坏习惯，介绍展示人们好的一面的方法。